{"syx":"1.0","werk":"tauben-verwilderungs-sensorik","kennung":"FORSCH-PROV0464","titel":["Vergleichende Verwilderungs-Sensorik – ein transdisziplinäres Framework","Comparative feralisation sensing – a transdisciplinary framework"],"stand":"2026-10-14","bearbeitung":"Thomas Schüller","stufe":"1","glieder":[{"id":"F1","art":"F","stufe":"","de":"Welche minimal-invasiven, artspezifischen, populationsdynamisch wirksamen Steuerungsmechanismen sind biologisch plausibel und ethisch verantwortbar, und wie ließen sie sich empirisch validieren?","en":"Which minimally invasive, species-specific mechanisms acting on population dynamics are biologically plausible and ethically defensible, and how could they be validated empirically?","attr":{}},{"id":"F2","art":"F","stufe":"","de":"Welche Reize verarbeitet die Spezies wie, und lernt das Einzeltier oder die Population, und wie wird Wissen weitergegeben?","en":"Which stimuli does the species process and how, does the individual or the population learn, and how is knowledge passed on?","attr":{}},{"id":"G1","art":"G","stufe":"","de":"Verwilderte Haustaube (Columba livia) in urbanen Umgebungen","en":"Feral domestic pigeon (Columba livia) in urban environments","attr":{"ebene":"Individuum, Schwarm, lokale Subpopulation","ort":"europäische Städte, Bezug Wien","zeit":"Gegenwart, Literatur seit den 1980er Jahren"}},{"id":"G2","art":"G","stufe":"","de":"Vergleichsfälle Streunerhund, verwilderte Katze und Wanderratte (Rattus norvegicus)","en":"Comparison cases stray dog, feral cat and Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus)","attr":{"ebene":"Art und Population","ort":"synanthrope Lebensräume"}},{"id":"B1","art":"B","stufe":"","de":"Verwilderung := Leben domestizierter Tiere außerhalb menschlicher Haltung, das kein Rückgang zur Wildform ist; domestizierte Merkmale bleiben teilweise erhalten, neue Selektionsdrücke kommen hinzu","en":"Feralisation := life of domesticated animals outside human keeping that is not a reversal to the wild form; domesticated traits persist in part while new selection pressures act","attr":{"fach":"evolutionsbiologie"}},{"id":"B2","art":"B","stufe":"","de":"Domestikations-Syndrom := phänotypische Merkmalsgruppe domestizierter Tiere, etwa reduzierte Reaktivität der HPA-Achse, neotenische Merkmale, gefleckte Pigmentierung, kleinere Gehirne","en":"Domestication syndrome := phenotypic suite of domesticated animals, such as reduced HPA-axis reactivity, neotenic traits, piebald pigmentation, smaller brains","attr":{"fach":"evolutionsbiologie","bruecke":"entwicklungsbiologie=milde Neuralleisten-Zelldefizite während der Embryogenese"}},{"id":"B3","art":"B","stufe":"","de":"Synurbisierung := Anpassung von Wildtieren an städtische Umgebungen mit messbaren Folgen wie verlängerten Brutsaisons, verschobenem Tagesrhythmus und stärkerer Abhängigkeit von menschlicher Aktivität","en":"Synurbisation := adaptation of wild animals to urban environments with measurable effects such as longer breeding seasons, shifted daily rhythm and stronger dependence on human activity","attr":{"fach":"urbane-evolutionsoekologie"}},{"id":"B4","art":"B","stufe":"","de":"Kosten-Nutzen-Theorem := solange der Nutzen einer urbanen Ressource für die Population die Kosten einer Abwehrmaßnahme überwiegt, überwindet, umgeht oder habituiert die Population die Maßnahme","en":"Cost-benefit theorem := as long as the benefit of an urban resource to the population outweighs the cost of a deterrent, the population overcomes, bypasses or habituates to it","attr":{"fach":"stadttaubenoekologie","bruecke":"oekonomie=Kosten-Nutzen-Abwägung"}},{"id":"B5","art":"B","stufe":"","de":"Generations-Inokulation := Konditionierung junger Tauben im Fledging-Fenster (ca. 6 bis 12 Wochen nach dem Schlupf), in dem prägende Erfahrungen lebenslang wirken können","en":"Generational inoculation := conditioning of young pigeons in the fledging window (about 6 to 12 weeks after hatching), in which formative experiences may have lifelong effects","attr":{"fach":"verhaltensbiologie","bruecke":"lerntheorie=sensible Phase des Lernens"}},{"id":"A1","art":"A","stufe":"","de":"Die Reifegrade der Hypothesen-Pipeline (gut belegt, belegt, wenig erforscht, spekulativ) sind auf G0 bis G2 abgebildet; G2 nur, wo das Werk eine Quelle nennt, sonst G1 oder G0","en":"The maturity grades of the hypothesis pipeline (well supported, supported, little researched, speculative) are mapped to G0 to G2; G2 only where the work names a source, otherwise G1 or G0","attr":{}},{"id":"S1","art":"S","stufe":"G3","de":"Einzelne Abwehrmethoden zeigen kurzfristige Wirkung, die binnen Tagen bis Wochen kollabiert","en":"Single deterrent methods show a short-term effect that collapses within days to weeks","attr":{"belege":"Q1"}},{"id":"S2","art":"S","stufe":"G3","de":"Das Domestikations-Syndrom ist genetisch überwiegend durch milde Neuralleisten-Zelldefizite während der Embryogenese erklärbar","en":"The domestication syndrome is largely explained genetically by mild neural crest cell deficits during embryogenesis","attr":{"belege":"Q2"}},{"id":"S3","art":"S","stufe":"G3","de":"Verwilderte Populationen behalten domestizierte Merkmale teilweise auch nach mehr als 40 Generationen","en":"Feral populations retain domesticated traits in part even after more than 40 generations","attr":{"belege":"Q3"}},{"id":"S4","art":"S","stufe":"G3","de":"Tauben zeigen hohe genetische Konnektivität innerhalb von Städten, Genfluss wird durch zusammenhängenden urbanen Lebensraum erleichtert","en":"Pigeons show high genetic connectivity within cities; gene flow is facilitated by continuous urban habitat","attr":{"belege":"Q4"}},{"id":"S5","art":"S","stufe":"G2","de":"Die Fluchtdistanz ist in Gebieten hoher Menschendichte kürzer, dort, wo Wanderfalken etabliert sind, länger","en":"Flight initiation distance is shorter in areas of high human density and longer where peregrine falcons are established","attr":{"belege":"Q5"}},{"id":"S6","art":"S","stufe":"G3","de":"Innovation und soziales Lernen sind bei Tauben positiv korreliert","en":"Innovation and social learning are positively correlated in pigeons","attr":{"belege":"Q6"}},{"id":"S7","art":"S","stufe":"G3","de":"Scrounging verhindert die kulturelle Weitergabe von Nahrungsfindungs-Verhalten in Taubenschwärmen","en":"Scrounging prevents cultural transmission of food-finding behaviour in pigeon flocks","attr":{"belege":"Q7"}},{"id":"S8","art":"S","stufe":"G2","de":"Aversionslernen verläuft in Schwärmen langsamer als bei isolierten Tieren, was schwarmweite Konditionierung erschwert","en":"Aversion learning is slower in flocks than in isolated animals, which makes flock-wide conditioning difficult","attr":{"belege":"S7"}},{"id":"Q1","art":"Q","stufe":"T2","de":"Arbeiten zur Stadttauben-Ökologie, Universität Basel","en":"Work on urban pigeon ecology, University of Basel","attr":{"nachweis":"Haag-Wackernagel 1995, 2000, fortlaufend"}},{"id":"Q2","art":"Q","stufe":"T2","de":"The domestication syndrome in mammals, Genetics 197(3)","en":"The domestication syndrome in mammals, Genetics 197(3)","attr":{"nachweis":"Wilkins, Wrangham, Fitch 2014"}},{"id":"Q3","art":"Q","stufe":"T2","de":"Getting back to nature: feralization in animals and plants, Trends in Ecology & Evolution 34(11)","en":"Getting back to nature: feralization in animals and plants, Trends in Ecology & Evolution 34(11)","attr":{"nachweis":"Gering, Incorvaia, Henriksen et al. 2019"}},{"id":"Q4","art":"Q","stufe":"T2","de":"Widespread genetic connectivity of feral pigeons across the Northeastern megacity, Evolutionary Applications 14(1)","en":"Widespread genetic connectivity of feral pigeons across the Northeastern megacity, Evolutionary Applications 14(1)","attr":{"nachweis":"Carlen, Munshi-South 2021"}},{"id":"Q5","art":"Q","stufe":"T2","de":"Behavioral correlates of urbanization in feral pigeons, im Werk nach Open-Access-Quelle zitiert","en":"Behavioral correlates of urbanization in feral pigeons, cited in the work after an open-access source","attr":{"nachweis":"Carlen et al. 2021"}},{"id":"Q6","art":"Q","stufe":"T2","de":"Social learning and innovation are positively correlated in pigeons, Animal Cognition 10","en":"Social learning and innovation are positively correlated in pigeons, Animal Cognition 10","attr":{"nachweis":"Bouchard, Goodyer, Lefebvre 2007"}},{"id":"Q7","art":"Q","stufe":"T2","de":"Scrounging prevents cultural transmission of food-finding behaviour in pigeons, Animal Behaviour 35(2)","en":"Scrounging prevents cultural transmission of food-finding behaviour in pigeons, Animal Behaviour 35(2)","attr":{"nachweis":"Giraldeau, Lefebvre 1987"}},{"id":"Q8","art":"Q","stufe":"T2","de":"RobotFalcon-Design als Predator-Cue","en":"RobotFalcon design as predator cue","attr":{"nachweis":"Storms et al. 2022"}},{"id":"H1","art":"H","stufe":"G1","de":"Habituation an einen aversiven Reiz ist primär eine Funktion der Vorhersagbarkeit; pseudo-zufällig variierende Reize habituieren langsamer als statische gleicher mittlerer Intensität","en":"Habituation to an aversive stimulus is primarily a function of predictability; pseudo-randomly varying stimuli habituate more slowly than static ones of equal mean intensity","attr":{"pruefung":"P1"}},{"id":"H2","art":"H","stufe":"G2","de":"Bewegliche, glaubwürdige Predator-Cues verschieben die Fluchtdistanz einer lokalen Subpopulation dauerhaft in Richtung wildlebender Felsentauben","en":"Credible moving predator cues shift the flight initiation distance of a local subpopulation lastingly towards that of wild rock doves","attr":{"pruefung":"P2","belege":"Q8 S5"}},{"id":"H3","art":"H","stufe":"G1","de":"Konditionierung im Fledging-Fenster führt zu stabilerem Vermeidungsverhalten als Konditionierung adulter Tiere, mit möglicher Weitergabe an Geschwister-Kohorten","en":"Conditioning in the fledging window yields more stable avoidance than conditioning adults, with possible transmission to sibling cohorts","attr":{"pruefung":"P3"}},{"id":"H4","art":"H","stufe":"G0","de":"Olfaktorische Marker mit Predator-Assoziation erreichen eine andere Verarbeitungstiefe als pflanzliche Repellenzien","en":"Olfactory markers associated with predators reach a different processing depth than plant-based repellents","attr":{"pruefung":"P4"}},{"id":"H5","art":"H","stufe":"G2","de":"Strukturelle Reduktion der Ressourcen-Attraktivität wirkt stärker als jede aversive Maßnahme bei gleichbleibender Ressourcenlage","en":"Structural reduction of resource attractiveness is more effective than any aversive measure with unchanged resources","attr":{"pruefung":"P5","belege":"Q1"}},{"id":"P1","art":"P","stufe":"","de":"Fällt, wenn ein hochvariabler Reiz nach 12 Wochen nicht mehr als 60 % seiner Anfangswirkung behält, während ein statischer unter 20 % fällt, oder die Differenz nicht signifikant ist (p < 0,05, n ≥ 30 je Gruppe)","en":"Fails if after 12 weeks a highly variable stimulus does not retain more than 60 % of its initial effect while a static one falls below 20 %, or the difference is not significant (p < 0.05, n ≥ 30 per group)","attr":{}},{"id":"P2","art":"P","stufe":"","de":"Fällt, wenn nach 8 Wochen Patrouillen die mittlere Fluchtdistanz im Testblock nicht um mindestens 3 m über dem Kontrollblock liegt oder der Effekt nicht mindestens 4 Wochen nach Patrouillen-Ende anhält","en":"Fails if after 8 weeks of patrols mean flight initiation distance in the test block is not at least 3 m above the control block or the effect does not persist at least 4 weeks after patrols end","attr":{}},{"id":"P3","art":"P","stufe":"","de":"Fällt, wenn im Fledging-Fenster konditionierte Tauben 6 Monate später keine signifikant höhere Vermeidungsreaktion zeigen als adult konditionierte (erwartet d ≥ 0,7)","en":"Fails if pigeons conditioned in the fledging window show no significantly higher avoidance response 6 months later than adult-conditioned ones (expected d ≥ 0.7)","attr":{}},{"id":"P4","art":"P","stufe":"","de":"Fällt, wenn eine Predator-Marker-Mischung über 8 Wochen keine signifikant geringere Habituation und höhere Nestbau-Vermeidung zeigt als Pfefferminz oder Citronella","en":"Fails if a predator marker mixture over 8 weeks shows no significantly lower habituation and higher nesting avoidance than peppermint or citronella","attr":{}},{"id":"P5","art":"P","stufe":"","de":"Fällt, wenn die Taubenpopulation im Testblock mit koordinierter Maßnahme binnen 24 Wochen nicht um mindestens 40 % gegenüber dem Kontrollblock sinkt","en":"Fails if the pigeon population in the test block with coordinated measures does not decline by at least 40 % relative to the control block within 24 weeks","attr":{}},{"id":"M1","art":"M","stufe":"","de":"Synthese über drei Ebenen (vergleichende Sinnesphysiologie, Verwilderungsbiologie, urbane Evolutionsökologie), vergleichendes Raster mit drei Vergleichsarten und fünf vorregistrierbare Experiment-Designs mit Kontrollbedingungen","en":"Synthesis across three levels (comparative sensory physiology, feralisation biology, urban evolutionary ecology), comparative grid with three comparison species and five pre-registrable experiment designs with control conditions","attr":{}},{"id":"X1","art":"X","stufe":"","de":"Flimmerverschmelzungsfrequenz der Taube, im Werk ca. 143 Hz gegenüber ca. 60 Hz beim Menschen","en":"Critical flicker fusion frequency of the pigeon, given in the work as about 143 Hz versus about 60 Hz in humans","attr":{"einheit":"Hz","misst":"G1"}},{"id":"X2","art":"X","stufe":"","de":"Fluchtdistanz, gemessen bei Annäherung mit 0,5 m/s an eine einzeln sitzende Taube","en":"Flight initiation distance, measured on approach at 0.5 m/s to a single perched pigeon","attr":{"einheit":"m","misst":"G1"}},{"id":"L1","art":"L","stufe":"","de":"Synthese, keine Primärstudie; die Hypothesen sind nicht empirisch validiert und als Forschungshypothesen, nicht als Empfehlungen oder Anleitung zur Eigendurchführung formuliert","en":"Synthesis, not a primary study; the hypotheses are not empirically validated and are framed as research hypotheses, not as recommendations or a do-it-yourself guide","attr":{}},{"id":"L2","art":"L","stufe":"","de":"Nur nicht-letale Verfahren; letale oder reproduktionsunterdrückende Verfahren (etwa Nicarbazin) sind ausdrücklich ausgeschlossen","en":"Non-lethal methods only; lethal or reproduction-suppressing methods (such as nicarbazin) are explicitly excluded","attr":{}},{"id":"L3","art":"L","stufe":"","de":"Das vergleichende Raster ist analytisch und nicht erschöpfend; ein Verfahren für alle synanthropen Arten ist biologisch unbegründet","en":"The comparative grid is analytical and not exhaustive; one method for all synanthropic species is biologically unfounded","attr":{}},{"id":"O1","art":"O","stufe":"","de":"Die Rolle der Magnetorezeption und die Reichweite der Infraschall-Perzeption als Verhaltensauslöser sind umstritten; Hypothesen dazu sind angedacht, aber methodisch noch nicht vorbereitet","en":"The role of magnetoreception and the reach of infrasound perception as a behavioural trigger are disputed; hypotheses on them are planned but not yet methodically prepared","attr":{}},{"id":"O2","art":"O","stufe":"","de":"Meta-Analyse mit klarer Trennung kommerziell-applikativer und begutachteter Studien sowie ein agentenbasiertes Ko-Evolutions-Modell über Dekaden stehen aus","en":"A meta-analysis clearly separating commercial applied and peer-reviewed studies and an agent-based co-evolution model over decades are pending","attr":{}}],"verknuepfungen":[{"von":"S1","art":"stuetzt","nach":"H5"},{"von":"S5","art":"stuetzt","nach":"H2"},{"von":"S6","art":"stuetzt","nach":"H3"},{"von":"S8","art":"stuetzt","nach":"H3"},{"von":"X2","art":"misst","nach":"H2"},{"von":"M1","art":"verweist","nach":"werkzeug:schwarmwerk"},{"von":"M1","art":"uebertraegt","nach":"werk:fische","grenze":"L3"},{"von":"G1","art":"verweist","nach":"werk:brutpflege"},{"von":"G1","art":"verweist","nach":"werk:wildtieroekologie"}],"pruefung":{"fehler":[],"hinweise":[],"gueltig":true},"zahlen":{"F":2,"G":2,"B":5,"A":1,"H":5,"S":8,"Q":8,"M":1,"X":2,"P":5,"L":3,"O":2}}